A Portrait of The Artist Essay Example For Students

Shifting Paradigms In The Non Aligned Movement Politics Essay

Moving Paradigms In The Non Aligned Movement Politics Essay The idea of Non Aligned Movement or NAM isn't a regulation or a doctrine. It is a procedure. It is a perspective on with a certain goal in mind. It is against authority, against arm-contorting by the rich and the amazing. Non-alignmentâ [1]â does not mean disconnection or lack of bias. It is an autonomous development focusing on that countries ought to follow their own approaches without joining any of the force alliances (in the period when they had existed) and falling under their impact. A neutral country makes a decision about each issue on its benefits. As it were, non-arrangement maintains the privileges of all states to opportunity and decision of activity in the universal field. One of the principal parts of non-arrangement is its unfriendliness to military partnerships and resistance to any type of government. The post Second World War period saw a time of enlivening and ascent of political and patriot goals of oppressed individuals over the world. The hundreds of years old marvel of expansionism began disintegrating lastly gave way. Numerous new autonomous states appeared in Asia and Africa in the wake of having lost the burden of remote mastery. It was additionally when the virus war between the Soviet and the US coalitions was getting strengthened. The super powers attempted to prevail upon these recently free nations to their separate coalitions. Be that as it may, some of them detested the possibility of accommodation to any of the super powers or for political tendency towards any of them. They needed to seek after a free international strategy of their own as opposed to falling in line of any force coalition. It was this technique of not joining both of the two force coalitions and following a free international strategy that came to be known as Non-arrangement. The recently free nations for the most part in Asia and Africa had practically indistinguishable issues of economy, government, improvement, and so on and thusly they shared numerous perspectives for all intents and purpose on world undertakings. These African and Asian nations in this manner tried to handle their issues at a gathering held at Bandung in Indonesia in 1955. Thirty Asian and African countries went to it. India, China and Indonesia assumed a main job at this gathering. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, the then head administrator of India, the then Chinese Prime Minister Chou-En-Lat and the then President Sukarno of Indonesia communicated total character of perspectives. The effect of this meeting was felt in the United Nations too. This was additionally the start of the Non-Aligned Movement. These Afro-Asian nations pronounced themselves neutralists. The designation uncommitted was received at an ensuing gathering held at Belgrade in 1961. Extent OF RESEARCH Over the span of setting up the last accommodation, the understudy scientist has basically attempted in investigate the accompanying essential research questions, to be specific: The degree to which the Non Aligned Movement has influenced the world governmental issues? Indias job concerning the Non Aligned Movement thinking about that it is one of the establishing individuals and has as of late risen as a worldwide monetary superpower? The degree to which the present discussion on the contemporaneous essentialness of Non Aligned Movement applicable? Measures can be taken to guarantee that Non Aligned Movement develops as a more grounded power in current world legislative issues? Confinement OF RESEARCH While attempting to give solid response to the examination addresses planned over, the understudy specialist has expected to set up this last research accommodation which is both informative and exploratory in scope. Likewise, the understudy specialist has expected to basically investigate the exploration question encircled with the end goal of conclusive research accommodation. According to the abovementioned, the understudy analyst has attempted to introduce a review of the Non Aligned Movement, chronicled advancement, its significant commitment to worldwide governmental issues, advantages and disadvantages related with the equivalent, and so on through this last research accommodation. Additionally, the understudy analyst has attempted to basically contrast Indias activities and that of different nations of the world and look at the different estimates received by them in fortifying the Non Aligned Movement. Confinement OF RESEARCH The understudy specialist presents that very little writing has been accessible on the equivalent in the NUJS college library and other conspicuous libraries in Kolkata. Subsequently, the understudy scientist has depended on the electronic assets for finishing of his last research accommodation. Likewise, this accommodation is, not the slightest bit, to be viewed as thorough and there will be a lot of degree for additional exploration. Having said this, the understudy scientist has attempted, inside his constrained abilities, to fundamentally investigate the examination addresses confined for the reason and present a worth impartial accommodation. Philosophy OF RESEARCH Since the current accommodation offered no degree for observational research, the examination system received by the understudy specialist was altogether doctrinal. The understudy analyst has broke down the exploration inquiries by making a worth nonpartisan investigation of the equivalent. In doing likewise, the understudy specialist has not let his own sentiment impact the exploration questions or the examination all in all, to the most extreme degree conceivable. NON ALIGNMENT MOVEMENT ITS ORIGINS, IDEOLOGY AND A LITTLE MORE The individuals who were not with us were against us. Stalin A nation must shelter be on one side or the other and a third way doesn't exist. Chinese Communist Supremo Mao The term non-arrangement has a particular significance. Numerous Western researchers mean by non-arrangement, nonpartisanship or neutralism just; however that probably won't be a right translation. Schwarzenbergerâ [2]â has proposed some related terms-nonintervention, non-responsibility, lack of bias, balance, unilateralism and non association. Nonintervention represents arrangements of standoffish quality shifting from the known disconnection of the US before the First World War to stances of harmlessness in global issues. Non duty alludes to governmental issues of separation for different powers in a triangular or multicorner relationship. Lack of bias depicts the political and lawful status of a nation at war, regarding belligerents. Balance implies a changeless impartial status of a specific state which it can't surrender under any conditions, eg. Switzerland is a killed state. Unilateralism is related to arrangements of determined dangers, for example, the pulverization of own atomic weapons at ones own case. Non association implies avoiding the ideological battle between the distinctive super powers, however allowing a specific level of adaptability when totally unavoidable. Non-arrangement has a more extensive importance than all the previously mentioned terms and in this way has a particular character. It implies a country seeking after such an arrangement need not be unbiased under all conditions. In contrast to impartiality, non arrangement targets fending off however it wards off not from a specific clash or issue yet from an enduring universal pressure like virus war. Since military partnerships were a significant part of cold war, non arrangement normally demanded disregarding from these unions. It is, consequently, an international strategy point of view that advocates opportunity from promise to any power coalition; it weights on the freedom of decision and activity in outer undertakings. The approach of not lining up with any alliance, and yet being well disposed to everybody, so it may be achievable to moderatingly affect worldwide relations, came to be prominently known as non-arrangement. It would empower a country to pass judgment on each i ssue on justify and choose its course autonomously without being impacted by any dedication or inclination. Non-arrangement is neither a uninvolved nor a negative approach. To the extent that the contrary appearance of the term non-arrangement is concerned, it ought to be comprehended in the frontal area of the methods of mulling over of Indian individuals who have communicated numerous positive and useful thoughts through negative articulations, for example, Ahimsa and Apramad. As a positive idea it has a few measurements. It is normal that non-arrangement ought to contradict certain qualities and simultaneously advance some others which are in congruity with its essential direction. The main objectives of the neutral development in the fifties and the sixties were decolonization and the conservation of global harmony. Generally, it has been contributing emphatically for achieving of another worldwide monetary request and another data request dependent on value, equity, opportunity and destruction of abuse and predominance. It is sure since it takes a stab at specific objectives and qualities. As a lobbyist and dynamic strategy, it takes explicit sides on the benefits of each case. This infers issue bound tilts in non arrangement are viewed as real and the idea, accordingly, doesn't suggest equidistance from any of the current superpowers. And yet, it additionally dismisses the possibility of characteristic partners as of late authored to legitimize certain unions of the neutral states with specific forces. It is subsequently a functioning strategy as it imagines a functioning job for the uncommitted nations on the planet undertakings. For an increasingly productive and worldwide campaigning power, 29 free African and Asian nations met in the Indonesian city of Bandung somewhere in the range of 18 and 24 April, 1955 with the point of expounding upon the standards of tranquil concurrence and making the Dasa Sila Bandung (Bandungs Ten Principles). [3] None of them needed to join any of the coalitions, in this manner, they picked non-arrangement, which later on, first in Cairo, June 1961, at that point, in Belgrade, September 1961, was broadened and formalized as NAM. To cite Calvocoressi: The key accomplishments of the Bandung Conference were that they had met and became more acquainted with each other (a large portion of them were new to global legislative issues); that they had established the frameworks for joint activity at the United Nation and, through solidarity, expanded their secur

How Stress Contributes to Sleep Problems

How Stress Contributes to Sleep Problems Sleep and Dreaming Print Getting Quality Sleep When Stressed By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 21, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 Biggie Productions/Taxi/Getty Images More in Psychology Sleep and Dreaming Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep is an important resource that keeps you healthy, mentally sharp, and able to cope with stress more effectively, among other things. Unfortunately, stressed and busy people tend to get less sleep than they need. According to a poll on this site, roughly 50% of readers like you are missing enough sleep to triple their risk of a car accident. Learn some of the reasons why stress and sleep deprivation seem to go together, and important techniques for getting the sleep you need. Factors That Contribute to Lack of Sleep The following are all common factors that contribute to lack of sleep: Overthinking: Many people take their work home with them, either physically or metaphorically. And it makes sense: with today’s demanding workloads, it’s often difficult to come home from a day of troubleshooting and automatically stop thinking about all the, well, trouble. Stay-at-home parents and students can experience this as well. If you find yourself still trying to solve problems at the end of the day, and the thoughts won’t seem to leave your mind, this can make sleep come much more difficult. It can even disrupt your sleep in the middle of the night  as you transition between sleep stages.Caffeine: People under stress tend to consume significant amounts of caffeine to get a boost that gets them going in the morning or helps them make it through the day. Caffeine can actually exacerbate stress levels and significantly affect the amount and quality of sleep you get.Cortisol: This stress hormone is one of the key players responsible for the fight or flight responseâ€"that jolt of energy you get when you feel stressed or threatened that enables you to respond. Unfortunately, chronic stress can lead to excessive levels of cortisol, and this can disrupt healthy sleep patterns.Overscheduling: A hectic, busy life can rob you of time you can actually dedicate to sleep. If you find yourself pushing your bed time back further and further to get things done, or getting up earlier and earlier in the name of productivity, you may feel tired a lot of the time but not realize the toll lack of sleep is taking.Anxiety: Like overthinking, anxiety can make sleep difficult and wake you up at night. Anxiety keeps your mind busy as you imagine threatening scenarios and worry about what may happen next. You may become preoccupied with finding solutions. That racing of your mind can rob you of sleep by keeping your cortisol levels high, making sleep harder to achieve. How to Get the Sleep You Need Try these tips if you find yourself regularly short on sleep: Maintain Healthy Nighttime Habits: Keeping regular sleep-promoting  nighttime habits can go a long way toward helping you consistently get more high-quality sleep.  Here are some sleep-doctor-recommended strategies for promoting sleep by maintaining the right habits.Release Your Stress: One great way to purge your body of stress so your mind can relax is to learn progressive muscle relaxation and deep muscle relaxation techniques. Meditation is also a proven tool to relax your body and quiet your mind; it can easily transition you into sleep.  Here is how to get started with meditation.Have Sex: A favorite way for many people to relax before bedâ€"one you may have already thought ofâ€"is sexual activity. Sex with a loving partner (or solo) can give you a dose of relaxing hormones and provide several other stress management benefits. Unfortunately, many people find that stress zaps their sex drive. Here are some tips on getting in the mood when stressed. When All Else Failsâ€"Nap If youve done everything you can and youre exhausted anyway, don’t underestimate the value of the power nap. Its not recommended to take naps if youre having difficulty sleeping because it may decrease your nighttime sleepiness.  However, if the problem is not that you cant fall asleep but that you dont have enough time to sleep because you are too busy, fitting some naptime into your day can really help.  Napping can increase your productivity and give you a valuable dose of sleep when you need it. And when youre well-rested, you can be less reactive toward stress.

Social Learning and Child Development - 878 Words

Play helps equip children for what life may throw at them. Children are born to be actively engaged and explore the world with their own eyes. Through play children learn what it means to fail in life as well as what it means to accomplish a goal. Play is not only a strategy to keep children entertained in early childhood, but also allows children to learn how to create and work together at an early stage. Children at play has been undervalued by society without realizing that â€Å"playfulness is that benign base on which the most valuable worlds of children can be successfully built (Iakov, 2012, p. 25),† meaning that play is a fundamental strategy that assist children to develop experiences for the future. It is very upsetting that society†¦show more content†¦One can see here that Piaget’s theory on the preoperational stage is factual since the girls imagination began to fly and learn independently by creating their own world. As children play, the  "sociodramatic play allows children to†¦ explore and rehearse the social roles around them, test their ability to explain and to convince playmates of their ideas, practice regulating emotions by pretending to be afraid, angry, brave and so on†¦ (Berger, 2009, p. 287).† Through pretend play, children are able to think for themselves and discover new ideas that will help them be independent. They can learn to solve problems, build social skills, and negotiate with classmates. Thus, Piaget stated that during preoperational stage children use symbols through objects to represent something else. For example, â€Å"pretend play leads to the use of symbols, the recombining of ideas, and the manipulation of object representations, which are part of transformation ability and insight ability, both creative skills (Hoffman et al, 2011, p. 175).† During pretend play, children are given the gift to create their own environment by using symbols as well as their imaginatio n. Children learn the most when they enjoy what they are doing. Above all, Piaget’s cognitive stage clarifies that children stretch their minds when they use their imaginations to create a different world. Social learning plays a big role in a child’sShow MoreRelatedSupport The Positive Parenting Of A Child s Physical, Cognitive And Social Emotional Learning Development2812 Words   |  12 Pagesinclude a strength based approach to support the positive parenting in respect of a child s physical, cognitive and social emotional learning development. The first two years of any child s life are the most critical and important when it comes to their personal development when growing up. They are essential to the cognitive, physical, social and emotional development. Many theorists have suggested that is a child is brought up where their developmental needs are not being met from either circumstancesRead MoreThe Teacher s Role For Creating Curriculum1323 Words   |  6 P agescognitive development. In order for teachers to be excellent teacher, they need to create a caring community. They can create one by helping children cultivate friendship, sharing, respectfulness, truthfulness, and caring. This teaching is help children, over time, apply these attributes, establishing models who reflect them and supporting families as their primary moral teacher. Fostering positive relationship and building classroom community. Teacher should enhance the development and learning for theRead MoreEssay Sociocultural Theory: Lev Vygotsky1112 Words   |  5 PagesLev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist, born November 17, 1896, who had a wide range of interests that included the cognitive and language development of children. Vygotsky’s theories are somewhat incomplete due to his death at the young age of 38 from tuberculosis. Vygotsky faced many struggles in life that he was able to overcome, such as being a young Jewish boy who grew up in a time where the Russian District limited the number of Jews who were allowed to be educated at a University levelRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky Theories Of Learning1257 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of learning In this essay, I will compare and contrast jean Piaget and lev Vygotsky theories of learning. First, I will discuss Piaget followed by Vygotsky then I will compare and contrast both theorists. Jean Piaget was a Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher, he is known for his contribution to a theory of cognitive development. Piaget became interested in the reasons why children gave the wrong answers to questions that required logical thinking. He believed that these incorrectRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Experiential Learning1481 Words   |  6 PagesHoward Gardner will be evaluated through the lens of experiential learning. Through Vygotsky’s realization of the childhood learning through â€Å"hands-on† experience (experiential learning), the cultural and socioeconomic factors defines the progress a child makes in the individual progression towards growth in the educational system. Piaget beheld similar views on experiential learning in the context of the family unit as an extension of social and educational progress through adaptation and guidance. 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In summary though, cognitive development is the processes by which learning is developed by the construction of thought processes, memory, solving problems, decision-making and covers the life span from childhood to adulthood, but learning does not necessarily stop with adulthood. ThisRead MoreA Comparative Analysis Of Theories Of Vygotsky And Piaget1446 Words   |  6 PagesChild development refers to change or growth that occurs in children. It starts with infancy and continues through adolescence and it involves the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur. Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains understanding of his or her world through the interaction of genetic and learned factors(Children’s Health n.d.). This paper is a comparative analysis of the theories of Vygotsky and Piaget with emphasis on how the roleRead MoreVygotsky Theory, Social Learning Theory And Attachment Theory1486 Words   |  6 PagesVygotsky Theory, Social Learning Theory and Attachment Theory in a Daycare Setting With the increasing number of working parents, there is an increasing need for childcare. When being a stay-at-home parent or having a babysitter is not an option, many parents turn to daycares for the care of their children. However, finding the right daycare for their children is a challenge because they need to find the most suitable type of care that fits their child’s needs. In doing this, they have to considerRead MoreLev Vygotsky s Theory Of Cultural Development Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesteaching and publishing literary works, and finally turning his attention to fundamental questions of human development and learning, where he made his biggest impact in the psychological field. Vygotsky proposed a general genetic law of cultural development in which cognitive function occurs on two planes: first on the social (between individuals), followed by the individual (internalized by the child) (Bjorklund, 2005). For a number of years, his theory mainly gained attention in Russia and Eastern Europe

Marketing Programs American Airlines - 891 Words

There are four distinctive elements to services that can significantly influence the marketing programs, often referred to as the four I’s of services, and they consist of: 1. Intangibility- Unlike goods, services cannot be touched, held, or seen afore the purchase decision. To aid customers analyze and evaluate services, vendors try to display the benefits of consuming a service. For example, the book uses The American Airlines. American Airlines ad illustrates their new seats and highlights the seats size as well as other tangible benefits. 2. Inconsistency- Service quality is often inconsistent due to the fact that service employees have diverse abilities, which range in performance from day to day. For instance, a person’s favorite singer may have a cold and his/her performance wasn’t the best on the night of the concert; however, some organizations reduce inconsistency through training, and standardization. 3. Inseparability- Services are produced and consumed as one; as a result buyers cannot detach the deliverer of the service from the service itself. Communication between a consumer and the service provider differs based on whether the consumer is physically present to obtain the service. Take insurance for example, the service is created when the agent persuades the consumer to purchase the policy and it is said to be disbursed when the claim is settled and the policyholder acquires the money. In this scenario, it was vital for the service provider and theShow MoreRelatedThe Opportunities And Threats That American Airlines Faces1651 Words   |  7 Pagesopportunities and threats that American Airlines faces. 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Is3220 Term Paper Free Essays

1. Preface The contemporary school of thought in service science is currently dominated by the notion of service-centric services (Lusch Vargo, 2008), whereby it is believed that the end users are the determinant of value of a given service and co-producing a service with the end users would enhance the value of the service. A main assumption made by this school of thought is that all aspect of services, from creation to delivery process, is the domain of the service providers. We will write a custom essay sample on Is3220 Term Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the emergence of disruptive technologies such as the internet, social media, etc has reduced the operational barriers, empowering the end users to become services provider themselves. This empowerment has led to the creation of what is known as user generated services. Such services potentially challenge the complementary notion of service-centric services. Hence, in my term paper, I shall examine how user generated services has affected the service dynamic between the service providers and the end users, using the mobile phone service industry as a backdrop. Firstly, I would define what is exactly is user generated services. Then, I will discuss about user generated services in the mobile phone service industry. Last but not least, I would explore how mobile phone service providers can leverage user generated services, regardless of the service model that the service providers adopt. 2. User generated services 2. 1 Background Contemporary services are usually designed around integration within the scope of provider’s business process. However, advancement in information technology has allowed for the development of solutions that facilitates information exchange and collaboration between individuals. With the increased ease in information exchange and collaboration from multiple sources, the end user now has the access and capability to generate user-generated content (UGC) that suits their needs. But consequently, the rise in user-generated content generation has introduced the demand for more specialized services and processes that uses user-generated contents. This present a limitation for service producers who might lack the ability or will to do so. . 2 Introduction Contrary to the suggestion of its name, user generated services are the result of re-composing existing service into newer form of services by the end users, who might play no part in the original services that comprised the new service. (Zhao Laga Crespi, 2009). Hence, instead of having a front stage and back stage controlled by the service pro viders (regardless the end user’s level of participation in the co-creation of the service), end users, not the service providers, serves as the main providers of the services 2. The unique taxonomies of user generated services a) Multi-tier service stage model As mentioned, user generated services generally follows the principles of service composition, where basic services are integrated together to form a unique service offering. Figure 1 show the translation service process of a written article into Russian language and the publication of the Russian language version of the article. However, the final product is the result of engaging two independent services from two different services provider, namely the article writer and translation engine. Thus, user generated service follows a multi-tier services model that grant user the flexibility to choose their intermediaries. An advantage is that user can restructure the final service product without need to meddle the upstream parties’ service stage. Back Stage – Document article process Back Stage – Translation process Article writer Translation Engine Front Stage – Translation Interface Front Stage – Create Article Line of Visibility Translation of Article Back Stage – Translation of article into Russian Line of Interaction Front Stage – Published Translated Article Fig 1. An example of the service configuration of a user generated service b) The presence of a Facilitating platform In user generated services, the user creation process is facilitated through a platform that allows them access to necessary service enablers required to generate customized services. An example would be Yahoo! Pipes, a platform that provides a GUI frontend for creating Web-based apps that aggregates web feeds, web pages. (Nikolaos Vassilios Konstantino, 2009). The necessity of such a platform boils down to two reasons. Firstly, it enables and ensures interoperability between the various services. Therefore, the user needs not worry about the compatibility of the services components in the service creation process. Secondly, it reduces the complexity of creating new services for the user, who might have differing technical capabilities, as the implementation details are encapsulated by the platform. C) End user as the ultimate service value creator The main value proposition of user generated is that the end user has the final say in creating the service, instead of being service consumers or co-creator. Correspondingly, the original service providers are reduced to a role of value co-creator or suppliers. This arrangement allows end users to customize the original service, thus enabling the service to serve this group of end users which otherwise the original service would not have served 3. User generated services in the mobile phone service industry For user generated services to exist, the three following conditions must be fulfilled. Firstly, the industry must encourage the generation of UGC. Secondly, service providers should allow end user access to part of their service channel/process. Lastly, the creation process of UGS should be intuitive for the end users. With that, let us look at how user generated service fits into the mobile phone service industry and some future challenges that awaits user generated services in the mobile phone service industry. a) Background of the mobile phone service industry As recently as a decade ago, the service’s proposition of mobile phone service providers was simple: Providing reliable voice communication for its subscribers. However, mobile penetration rate is reaching near 100% in Asia-Pacific region as of 2010. Also, a study done by OVUM Inc predicted that voice services revenues generated in the Asia-Pacific will drop to US$176 billion in 2015, from $US182 billion in 2009. The same study also projected that revenue from mobile data services would increasing to US$133 billion in 2015 from $US84 million in 2009, thereby increasingly become the main revenue driver for mobile phone service provider. John, 2007) Hence, mobile phone service providers around the Asia-Pacific region are scrambling to reposition their service proposition around access to the data content and electronic services (E. g SMS, web content, and internet banking services) to take advantage of the likely growth in mobile data services revenues while arresting the effects of the slowing growth in voice services revenues. In the drive to increase the percentage of revenue from data services, mobile service providers have tried facilitat ing and incorporating various service innovations, one of them being user generated service (UGS). ) The impact of UGS on the service dynamics of the mobile phone service industry The appearance of User generated services in mobile phone service, made possible by the increased convergence of mobile phone and Web 2. 0 technology, are a reflection of the immensely popular collaborative and social networking trends originating from the internet. Hence, USG has redefined the paradigm of some service innovation dimensions in mobile service industry i) Concept/Client Interface Traditional service-oriented service concepts embrace enhancing and extending the value proposition of a service through value co-creation. For example, services like uploading and sharing of mobile phone made video makes it easy for user to share self-generated content, thus positioning the mobile phone as a lifestyle product instead of a mere communication device. However, user generated service allows end users to define their own service proposition and ultimately, their own service. For example, tourists in Singapore could self initialize their own tour in Singapore by relying on a combination of mobile services such as Google maps, Iris, Singapore Guide, etc without relying on the service provided by a tour operator i) Delivery/Technology The traditional service configuration of service-oriented services is mainly shaped by the concept of service composition, whereby the service providers can combine various per-defined service and technology to deliver a single customized service to its user through its channel. An example would be Google mobile, a mobile portal which primarily offer the same range of services of its web counterpart. However, the service configuration and delivery is limited to company resources, strategy and legal issues. Facilitating UGS overcomes the problem as the user now can select the technologies that comprised of the services and chose the mode of service delivery, without the limitation of legality, economy of scale, etc. For example, the iPhone Yahoo! Pipes allows property agents to integrate a classified listing service such as Craiglist mobile and a mapping service such Google map to provide a service where user of iPhone can located an area on the map provided by the service and select the area to see what kind of property is listed for sales in the area and the location of each of the property listed. ) Challenge of implementing and sustaining UGS in the mobile phone service industry Despite the potential UGS can offer to the mobile phone service industry, UGS is still an emerging value proposition that still faces teething issues that could slower its ascent into a viable service model for the mobile phone service industry i) Difficulty in implementing User Generated Services Regardless of any service philosophy, service value creation requires the value creator to have the necessary resources and competencies to create and deliver the values of the services. In the context of the mobile phone service industry, although more service providers have open up access to essential resources like their application programming interface (API), the resources are more geared toward the traditional service providers (E. g Professional mobile application company) as integrating the resource into existing service still requires technical knowledge (E. g Knowledge of Google map Api for an location based web service). Not all end user possesses the knowledge and expertise to customize and integrate the service into their existing services. i) Difficulty in Ensuring Service Quality The end users service providers are at the mercy of the providers of the service components as they do not have actual ownership of the service components that comprised of their customized services. For example, when service components (E. g Google MAP API) are modified at the owner’s (Google) end, mobile location based application which functionalities that depends on Google Map might not be delivered optimally or even be delivered at all as the functionalities might have depend on certain features of the pre-modified Google API. Thus, end user has less control over the service quality of their service unlike their conventional counterparts. 4. How to take advantage of user generated service: From the prospective of existing service provider It is pretty certain that user generated services to be relevant in the mobile phone industry for the foreseen future. Thus, mobile service provider should evaluate their suitability in adopting the user generated services and adapt the model according to their strategy. Below are some suggestions that existing mobile service provider can adopt to take advantage of user generated service to drive their existing and future service offerings. i) Simplify the service generation process for the user As discussed earlier, not all end user possesses the necessary knowledge and expertise to customize and integrate a given service into their existing services. Moreover, it is very difficult to simplify the actual user service generating process as service generating tools (MashMaker) aiming at user is still at its infancy and is not exactly user-centric. Instead leaving it to the user to generate their service, it would be better to simplify the process by facilitating the service creation process. For example, the mobile service provider could provide a list of mobile services and help the customer to mix and match the services together to generate a service that is unique for them ii) Bridging the communication gap between the actual service creator and the end user Currently, mobile service providers engage their end user through indirect communication channel (E. customer relationship management system, user profiling/tracking). Though such arrangements has given service providers valuable information on the end user, the information are often interpreted by the service provider from the service providers’ point of view, thus leading to potential situations where the eventually service value proposition of the service does not match what the end users wants. This misalignment could drive end-users to drop the given service and replace the existing service component with another competing service. To mitigate the possibility of such misalignment, the service should considering sponsoring a common platform where the end user service providers can directly communicate and contribute to the development of the various services that are the composition of the user often customized service while giving the service provider a channel for them to influence the end users. . Conclusion User generated services is certainly an interesting service proposition in the mobile phone service industry as it allows the end users to develop their own customized mobile services and in the process, serving them with the services they have created themselves It solve the problem of certain customer segments not being served as they might have requirements that the service providers cannot fulfil due to real life business constraints. However, the existing way of generating user generated service is too cumbersome and uncertain for it to be the golden standard of service delivery. Nevertheless, the service provider should look beyond just co-creating service values with the end users and instead, look at end user as strategic partner in a ecology that mutually sustain the whole hyper network of service-derived services. 6. References Abdallah Namoune, Usman Wajid, Nikolay Mahendjiev. â€Å"Composition of Interactive Service-based Applications by End Users†. ICSOC/ServiceWave Workshops, Stockholm, Sweden, 2009 Christian S. Jensen, Carmen Ruiz Vicente, Rico Wind, â€Å"User-Generated Content: The Case for Mobile Services,† Computer, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 116-118, Dec. 2008, John Delaney , â€Å"User-generated content opportunities for wireless operators†, Communicate, Vol 36, 2007. Retrieved from: http://www. huawei. com/file/download. do? f=3056 Nikolaos Loutas, Vassilios Peristeras, Konstantinos A. Tarabanis, â€Å"Rethinking the Semantic Annotation of Services. ICSOC/ServiceWave Workshops, Stockholm, Sweden, 2009 Robert F. Lusch, Stephen L. Vargo, G Wessels, â€Å"Towards a Conceptual Foundation for Service Science: Contributions from Service-Dominant Logic,† IBM Systems Journal, Vol. 47, No. 1, 2008. Wai Kin Victor Chan, Cheng Hsu , â€Å"A Science of Scaling: Service Hyper-Networks†, Service Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2009. ZZ. Zhao, N. Laga, N. Crespi, â€Å"A Survey Of User Generated Service†, Intern ational Conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content, Beijing, China, 2009. How to cite Is3220 Term Paper, Essays

Kant And Mill Theories Essays - Philosophy, Ethics,

Kant And Mill Theories The categorical imperative is a better guide for moral reasoning because it can be applied by the individual with a clear, understandable reverence for the morality of the whole community. Mill's utilitarianism is also concerned with the whole, but the mechanism by which one can judge the worth of his or her actions is quite a leap. When a utilitarian makes a moral decision about an action the primary concern is individual happiness. The agent must then consider the consequences of this action within the extent of his or her influence. While there is little argument we all want to be happy, we can not assess the moral worth of our actions on consequence. It is much too difficult to assimilate individual actions and consequences with the welfare of humanity as a whole. Conversely, Kant's categorical imperative gives an individual a more reliable mechanism by which to judge his actions. The test begins with intentions rather than consequences. It is easier to assess intentions than consequences, because intentions are not as specific to situation and reliant upon outcome. Instead, good intentions are simple moral intuitions that tend to produce good. If the whole of humanity shares good intentions, acting only upon those intentions which the individual would will for everyone produces the greatest good.